Bob Marley: Pan Africanism and the Struggle for Social Justice in Africa
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This is a collection of essays from the International Symposium in Honour of
Bob Marley: 40 Years After, held on 11 May 2021 at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The essays examine the contributions of Bob Marley towards the sustenance of the philosophy of Pan-Africanism as well as the intellectual ideology of Marcus Garvey. It also looked at reggae music as an effective means of disseminating information and making discontent or disaffection and as well explores the nexus between the struggle for the emancipation and liberation for the African continent. The Bob Marley’s Redemption songs inspired the need to unite and fight against the repressive tendencies of the neo-colonialists agents militating against Africa. The essays in this volume are multidimensional from scholars of different backgrounds in humanities and social sciences. It recreates the nexus between music, history, philosophy and popular culture. Bob Marley provides the template of new epistemological rethinking of teaching history and decoloniality from the lens of music. This volume provides a new dimension of understanding the African narratives in slavery, colonialism and neo-colonialism. It challenges western filer thoughts on the persistent struggle of class struggle and imperial instituted regimes in Africa.
UCHE UWAEZUOKE OKONKWO holds a PhD degree in History and Strategic Studies from the University of Lagos, Nigeria. He was appointed Associate Professor of History and Diplomatic Studies at the Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria and was later appointed Becker Freidman Visiting Senior Research Associate and Scholar in residence at Kelly Centre Harris School of Public Policy at the University of Chicago, USA. He was a Pre-Conference Guest Lecturer at the Centre for Africana Studies 2024 at Marquette University Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. He is the author of over 20 books, 100 articles in journals and chapters in book and over 200 conference papers. Uche’s research interest is in the field of Social and Imperial History, an area of study he had acquired expertise in teaching and research at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Uche have received travel grants and fellowships to many countries and Universities from esteemed organizations such as the United Nations Environment Programme, Spencer Foundation, Volvo Foundation, University of Bayeruth African Multiple Cluster, the Dutch Foundation for the History of Technology, the Society for the History of Technology in Africa (SHOT) and the University of Lagos Graduate Fellowship.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Note on Contributors …………………………………………………………………………………..i
Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………………………….v
CHAPTER ONE:
Confronting Social Injustices: The Bob Marley’s
Jamaican Story and the Nigeria Dilemma
Uche Uwaezuoke Okonkwo
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………….1
CHAPTER TWO:
Bob Marley, Pan-Africanism and Black Civilization
Ikenna Emmanuel Onwuegbuna
History and Etymology of Reggae ……………………………………………………………….8
Growth and Spread of the Genre ……………………………………………………………….15
Afrocentric Consciousness and Cultural Hybridization …………………………….21
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………….25
References …………………………………………………………………………………………………29
CHAPTER THREE:
The Political Thought of Bob Marley and Peter Tosh,
1962-1987
Bernard Steiner Ifekwe
The Progenitors of Bob Marley and Peter Tosh ………………………………………….32
Their Thoughts on Slavery ………………………………………………………………………..36
Their Position on Human Rights ……………………………………………………………….38
Pan-Africanism in Their Political Thought ………………………………………………..43
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………….46
References …………………………………………………………………………………………………47
CHAPTER FOUR:
The Jamaican Africanist: Bob Marley and Social
Movements in Apartheid South Africa
Ugochukwu Ekemezie & Obinna U. Muoh
Anti-Apartheid Liberation Protest Songs and Musicians …………………………..52
Bob Marley and Pan-African Influence ……………………………………………………..54
His songs about South Africa and Government Response to them ……………56
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………….61
References …………………………………………………………………………………………………63
CHAPTER FIVE:
Bob Marley, Language and Black Emancipation
Ngozi Anyachonkeya & Maureen Onyejegbu
Bob Marley’s Language ……………………………………………………………………………..73
Bob Marley, His Music, the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and Black
Emancipation ……………………………………………………………………………………………74
Bob Nasta Marley and Rastafarianism Faith ……………………………………………..74
Bob Marley’s Reaction to Imperialism and Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade ………76
Bob Marley’s Emancipation Mission of the Black Race ……………………………..79
Marley’s Perception of the Black People …………………………………………………….79
Bob’s Rejection of Ghetto Life ……………………………………………………………………81
Linguistic Implicature of Bob Marley’s Music and Songs …………………………..81
Implication of Findings …………………………………………………………………………….83
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………….85
References …………………………………………………………………………………………………88
CHAPTER SIX:
Bad Governance in Africa: Re-Examination of Bob
Marley’s Music “Them Belly Full”
Chukwu, Lawson Onyema & John Mary Kelechi Ani
Conceptual Clarification …………………………………………………………………………..92
Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………………………………………..93
Leadership Failure and Political Corruption In Africa ………………………………94
Bob Marley’s “Them Belly Full, But We (Hungry)” ……………………………………94
Neo-Colonialism and Political Corruption in Africa …………………………………99
References ……………………………………………………………………………………………….104
CHAPTER SEVEN:
Religion and Mental Slavery in Nigeria: An Analysis of
Bob Marley’s “Redemption Song”
Chukwuebuka Kenneth Ugwu, Ngozika A. Obi-Ani
& Mathias Chukwudi Isiani
Methodology, data collection, and research design ………………………………….110
Discussions and findings …………………………………………………………………………111
An overview of Bob Marley’s “Redemption Song” ……………………………..111
Christianity and mental slavery in Nigeria …………………………………………112
Islam and mental slavery in Nigeria …………………………………………………..115
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………..118
References ……………………………………………………………………………………………….121
CHAPTER EIGHT:
One Message, Two Messengers: Appraising Black Pride
and Emancipation Content in Fela Ramsome Kuti &
Bob Marley’s Lyrics
Victor Ukaogo & Ogechi Cecilia Ukaogo
Conceptual Clarifications ………………………………………………………………………..127
Social Justice, Social Prophets and the Demographics of Justice ………………128
The Message, the Messengers and the ‘Generation of Vipers’ …………………..129
Black Messengers, Black Pride and Emancipation …………………………………..132
The Messenger’s Message: the Sustainability Dilemma …………………………….133
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………..134
References ……………………………………………………………………………………………….135