Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi
DEDICATION xv
FOREWORD xvii
PREFACE xix

CHAPTER ONE
PEOPLING, SOCIO-POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT OF EAST AFRICA TO Ca 1000 AD
Introduction 1
Peopling in East Africa 3
Bantu Speaking People 6
Spread of Ironworking and the Bantu Migrations 8
Early Interlacustrine Kingdoms 10
Chieftainships of the Southern Savanna 11
Northeastern Bantu 11
Nilotic Migrations 12
Pressure on the Southern Chieftainships 13
Historiography of East Africa 14
African Historiography: An Overview 15
Colonial Historiography and History of East Africa 17
African Nationalists 17
Radical Historiography 19
Socio-Political and Economic Development to Ca. 1000 A. D 19
Transformation of East African Societies into Complex Societies 22
Western and Central Tanzania 24
The area Inhabited by the Eastern Bantu 25
North Eastern Tanzania 26
South Western Kenya 27
Age Group/Age – set System 27

CHAPTER TWO
SWAHILI COAST SOCIAL FORMATION AND CIVILIZATION
Introduction 31
Pre – Islamic Era (1st Phase) 32
Islamic Era (2nd Phase) 33
Portuguese Era (3rd Phase) 34
Oman Arabs Era (4th Phase) 35
Swahili Coastal Civilization 35
Swahili Traders in the Interior and the Advent of Capitalism 38
Penetration of Oman Arabs and Swahili Traders into the Interior 39
Abolition of Slave Trade 40
East Africa in the Wave of Capitalism and Imperialism 42

CHAPTER THREE
IMPACT OF SCRAMBLE AND PARTITION OF AFRICA AND COLONIAL ECONOMY
Introduction 47
Scramble and Partition: An Overview 47
Psychological Theory 51
Diplomatic Theory 52
African Dimension Theory 53
Economic Theory 53
Practical Situation of Partition 53
Treaty Making – 1885 – 1902 54
Colonial Economy and Administration 55
Creation under Imperialism 56
Establishment of Settler and Peasant based Economy in Tanganyika 57
German East Africa 58
Transport Infrastructure 58
Development of Settler-based Economy 59
Crops Planted 60
Struggle for Labour 60
Evolution of Labour Policy 61
Complication of Beginnings of Peasant Cash Crop Production 61
Shortage of Labour 62
German East Africa as a Battle Field 62
From German East Africa to Tanganyika 63
European Enterprises and African Labour 63
Peasant Agriculture 64
Emergence of Peasant Societies 65
Kilimanjaro 65
Buhaya 66
Other Peasants 66
Role of European, Asian and Africans from more Developed Regions 66
Regional Differentiation 67

CHAPTER FOUR:
RESISTANCE TO IMPOSITION OF COLONIAL RULE AND STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE
Introduction 69
A Case of Kenya 69
After Conquest 72
A Case of Uganda 73
A Case of Tanganyika 74
Coastal Region 75
Abushiri Uprising 75
The North 76
The West 77
Gogo Resistance to the Germans 78
The South 78
Maji Maji Uprising 79

CHAPTER FIVE:
NATIONALIST STRUGGLES IN EAST AFRICA
Introduction 81
The Kulaks 84
Civil Servants 86
Second phase coincided with expansion of the peasant economy 86
Third Expansion after the 1928 Busulu and Nvujjo 87
Traders 87
Politics of Tribalism 89
Crisis of the 1945 90
Crisis of 1949 92
Politics of Independence 92
Uganda National Congress (UNC) 93
Nationalist Struggle in Kenya 95
Kikuyu Area 95
Circumcision Controversy of 1929 96
Independent Church Movements 97
Nyanza 98
Trends After 1945 98
Kenya African Union 99
Emergency of Mau Mau 99
Movement towards Independence 100
Nationalist Struggle in Tanganyika 102
Assessment 105
Role of Religion 105
Consequences and Relevance of African Resistances 106
Material basis of Colonial Violence 107

CHAPTER SIX:
DECOLONIZATION IN ZANZIBAR AND THE UNION WITH TANGANYIKA
Introduction 109
People, Race and Religion in Zanzibar 110
Emergence of Political Parties and National Elections to Independence 115
Zanzibar Nationalist Party 115
African Nationalist 116
Afro-Shirazi Party 117
Zanzibar and Pemba Peoples Party 118
Zanzibar Revolution 118
Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar 119
Genesis of the Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar 121

CHAPTER SEVEN:
REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND EMERGING ISSUES IN EAST AFRICA
Introduction 127
Early Encounters and Trade Networks 128
Trade and Regional Cooperation in Post-Colonial Era 132
East African Community (EAC) and Cross-border Initiative 132
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) 134
Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) 135

BIBLIOGRAPHY 141